A database is an organised store of data. The most common kind is relational: data lives in tables, like in Excel.

Table — one topic: students, courses, payments
Column — a property: name, age, score
Row — one record: one student

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language for asking a database questions. A question is called a query.

All lessons use one table — talabalar ("students", 10 rows). It is ready in the editor every time. Table and column names are in Uzbek: ism = first name, familiya = last name, guruh = group, viloyat = region, yosh = age, ball = score.

Your first query

SELECT * FROM talabalar;

SELECT — "choose", * — "all columns", FROM talabalar — "from the students table". Result:

id	ism	familiya	guruh	viloyat	yosh	ball
1	Aziz	Karimov	25-407	Toshkent	19	88
2	Malika	Yusupova	25-407	Samarqand	18	95
3	Jasur	Rahimov	25-408	Buxoro	20	72
4	Dilnoza	Tosheva	25-408	Toshkent	19	81
5	Bekzod	Aliyev	25-407	Farg'ona	21	64
6	Nilufar	Saidova	25-409	Namangan	18	90
7	Sardor	Qodirov	25-409	Xorazm	20	57
8	Gulnora	Ergasheva	25-408	Andijon	19	77
9	Otabek	Nazarov	25-409	Toshkent	22	69
10	Zarina	Mirzayeva	25-407	Qashqadaryo	18	84

💡 SQL keywords are not case-sensitive: select works too. Writing them in CAPITALS is a convention — easier to read. The ; at the end means "the query ends here".

What is a database?

Your first query

Video lesson

Practice SQL

Check yourself